Public health nurses, midwives, nurses, and assistant nurses(=LPN) working in each of Japan's 47 prefectures join the prefecture nursing association on the voluntary basis. They may choose to register in the prefecture where they work or reside. Members of the prefecture associations automatically become members of the national association(JNA) and ICN, ICM. The association is run by the members on autonomous basis. The Annual General Convention, which every member of JNA is encouraged to participate, is held to discuss and make decisions on policies, projects and budgets of the association. Each prefecture association sends elected representatives to the Convention. Issues related to specialized areas and other nursing trends are discussed in the respective Professional Committees of JNA.

| Annual General Convention | One representative for every 200 regular members | ||
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| Deliberative Council | Regular members serving as representatives of prefectural nursing associations 47 members, one from prefecturel | ||
| Board of Directors | 28 members of board |
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President
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| Executive Board of Directors | President, Vice Presidents, Executive Director, Executive officers, Chairpersons of Professional Committees | ||
| Professional committees |
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| Standing committees |
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| Ad-hoc committees |
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